The modeling and integration of corresponding measures in optimization tools to support grid and system operation appears to become more important due to the size and complexity of the electrical power system, a further increase in the number of (decentralized) generation plants, and growing flexibilities and possibilities for control. The demand for transport of electrical energy resulting from generation located increasingly remote from consumption, combined with long-lasting expansion measures of the grid, leads to new challenges, so that measures for power flow control, congestion management and higher utilization of the existing grid play a decisive role in the transformation of the electrical energy supply. Security, reliability and economic efficiency are three of the essential maxims for the operation of the electric power grid by the transmission system operators. The laboratory and simulation tests allow the development of the ACPST regulation to achieve the best properties among other PSTs, with the possibility to operate, e.g., on the constant ACPST output voltage, in quasi-symmetrical mode and any other, which may be needed in power systems. However, in some range of injected quadrature voltages, it can achieve even better properties than the SPST. ACPST, in its primary mode, can be efficiently used as a substitute for the SPST. SPST type in taken tests has the best properties concerning the transferred power, output voltage, and internal voltage drop. APST allows high power transfer, but the voltage increase in some cases cannot be acceptable. The collected data enable a direct comparison of these PSTs’ properties. The ACPST allows for regulating both quadrature and longitudinal voltage, which makes this type interesting in practical applications and power flow optimizations. Typical PSTs, both symmetrical (SPST) and asymmetrical (APST), are compared to the asymmetrical controllable PST (ACPST).
This article presents different phase shifting transformers (PSTs) types and their influence on the transmitted active power and energy parameters.
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